Economic rates apply to the purchase of assets.

There is an option to use either straight line or equivalent diminishing value (DV) for all assets.

Assets can be divided into two groups:

• Low value assets of $500 or less can be claimed as an income tax deduction (subject to normal deductibility criteria) in the year they are acquired.

• Assets of $500 or more must be depreciated over time using Inland Revenue's specified rates. A sample of these are:

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For individuals, a rebate of 33.33% for voluntary school fees and qualifying donations of $5.00 or more may be claimed.

For companies, instead of a rebate, qualifying donations are treated as expenses with no GST, limited to the company's net income for the year.

Some important points to note:

• If you are getting something in return, it is not a donation. This includes raffles.
• Some donation receipts are part donation, part something else - you can only include the donation portion in your calculation.
• You must retain your donation receipts in order to claim for them.
• Not all charitable organisations are eligible for donation rebates; refer to the Charities Services Register if in doubt.

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Entertainment expenditure is limited to a 50% deduction if it falls within the following:

• Corporate boxes
• Holiday accommodation
• Pleasure craft
• Food and beverages consumed at any of the above, or in other specific circumstances (eg business lunches, social functions)
• Friday drinks for staff

There are a number of exemptions from these rules allowing a full deduction, such as entertainment outside New Zealand, promotions to the public, samples, morning and afternoon teas, food and beverages consumed while travelling in the course of business (exceptions apply).

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Benefits provided to employees outside of their wage or salary earnings are "Fringe Benefits", and are subject to FBT.

Employees include wage and salary earners, as well as shareholder employees. Low value benefits of up to $300 per employee per quarter may be exempted.

Common Fringe Benefits and their values:

Motor vehicles: FBT value is 5% of the original cost (including GST) per quarter or, in certain circumstances, 9% of the book value per quarter.

Low/zero interest loans: FBT is charged on any loans from the company where the interest rate is under 5.77%. This rate is reviewed by Inland Revenue and can be changed during the year.

Employee insurances and others: The cost of the insurance is generally the value for FBT purposes, and has GST if the benefit included GST.

Fringe Benefit Tax has a number of special rules and exemptions - please contact us for more details.

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Exemptions:

• Financial services
• Domestic rentals
• Wages
• Salaries

Threshold for registration is $60,000 turnover per annum.

If turnover exceeds $500,000 you cannot file six-monthly periods.

If turnover exceeds $2,000,000 you must use invoice basis.

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GST - 1 or 2 monthly returns or not GST registered:

GST - 6 monthly returns:

Note: the above terminal tax dates assume the tax payer is linked to a tax agent.

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A standard penalty applies to income tax returns that are filed late. Penalties and interest applies to all taxes paid late. The initial late payment penalty is 1% for the first week, increasing to 5% after 1 week. A further 1% monthly incremental penalty is incurred on any income tax outstanding for 2017 income year and earlier. This penalty has been removed on any income tax or Working for Families Tax Credits from 2018 year onwards.

Use of money interest: the rate applying from May 2017 is 8.22%.

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Employee contribution options are 3%, 4% or 8%.

Compulsory employer contribution of 3% of employee's gross salary or wage.

Government pays an annual member tax credit capped to a maximum of $521.43 per annum.

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The minimum wage rates applicable from 1 April 2018 are:

Refer to Employment NZ's website for definitions of the three rates.

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Deductions from 1st to 15th of the month are due on the 20th of the same month.

Deductions from 16th to the last day of the month are due on the 5th of the following month.

Relief: if the total PAYE deductions are less than $500,000 for the previous year, PAYE payments will be due monthly on the 20th of the following month.

Employee ACC earner premiums, student loan repayments and child support deductions are payable in the same manner.

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Resident individuals:

Taxable income more than $48,000 - if your taxable income was more than $48,000 in both of the previous two income years, your PIR is 28%.

Note: if for the two previous income years you qualify for two rates, your PIR is the lower rate.

Other investors:

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If you have a residual income tax (RIT) of $2,500.00 or more in one year, you are required to pay provisional tax towards the following year's tax liability.

Under the standard (and most common) method of calculating your provisional tax, the amount you are required to pay is calculated by taking your RIT plus 5%.

Provisional tax is due in 2 or 3 instalments throughout the year. Instalment dates are dependent on GST registration and balance date. The most common instalment dates are 28 August, 15 January and 7 May.

On 1 April 2017 safe harbour thresholds increased to $60,000.00 RIT for all tax payers. Tax payers with an RIT of $60,000 or higher will attract use of money interest on any under- or short-paid provisional instalments. We encourage taxpayers with an RIT of $60,000.00 or more to talk to us about mitigating interest charges by using tax pooling.

If your RIT is less than $60,000.00 and you use the standard method of calculating your provisional amount, you won't be charged use of money interest as long as you pay the right amount at the right time.

Tax payers who use the accounting income method (AIM) method of paying provisional tax will not be subject to use of money interest – assuming they make their AIM payments on time.

Tax payers who estimate their provisional tax, whose RIT is $2,500.00 or more will be subject to interest from the day after their 1st instalment date on any under-payments of the tax due. Tax payers who estimate their provisional tax also lose the safe harbour threshold benefit for any associated tax payers. We encourage tax payers who wish to estimate their tax with Inland Revenue to talk to one of our advisors before taking this step.

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Resident withholding tax (RWT) on payments of interest and dividends for individuals is as follows:

The default rate for individuals when no IRD number is supplied is 33%.

Provided a company supplies their IRD number, their RWT rate will be 28%. If no IRD number is supplied RWT is deducted at the rate of 33%.

The trust RWT rate is 33%.

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Standard balance date tax payers linked to a tax agent have until 31 March the following year to file their income tax returns under the extension of time arrangements.

Tax payers failing to file returns by the due date may lose their extension of time, resulting in earlier return and terminal tax payment dates for subsequent income years.

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Repayment of student loans begins once a student's assessable income exceeds the specified repayment threshold.

These thresholds are:

The repayment amount is 12% for each dollar above the threshold.

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If your family income before tax is less than the amounts shown in the table, you may qualify for payment.

The below income limits are based on the eldest child being aged 15 or under, and all other children being 12 years or under.

The parental tax credit (PTC) is a payment for up to 10 weeks after a new baby arrives. Depending on your family income you could receive up to $2,200.

Minimum family tax credit (MFTC) tops up a family's after-tax income to $23,816 a year.

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